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Vitamin E
(tocopherols, tocotrienols)
DRI (RDA or AI for Adults)
- 15 mg natural E (2R-isomers) or 30 mg synthetic
E (2S-isomers).
Lactation: 19 mg natural E or 38 mg synthetic E.
Multiply mg by 1.49 to convert to IU.
Adult Maintenance - Therapeutic Range
Major Sources (26 α-TE to 3 α-TE per serving)
- Wheat germ oil, sunflower seeds, filberts, sunflower oil, hazelnut/filbert
oil, peanuts, almond oil, Brazil nuts, grapeseed oil, almonds, pistachios,
peanut butter, turkey liver, cod liver oil.
Non-Therapeutic Importance
- A strong antioxidant; may help prevent oxidation of unsaturated fatty
acids and vitamin A in the intestinal tract and body tissues; protects red blood cells
from hemolysis; role in reproduction (in animals); role in epithelial tissue maintenance
and prostaglandin synthesis.
Deficiency Symptoms
- Children: anemia in premature infants
- Children and adults: neuropathy and myopathy
Increased Risk for Deficiency
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Congenital biliary atresia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Fat malabsorption
- Gallbladder disease
- Inherited hemolytic anemia
- Liver disease
- Pancreatic disease
Possible Therapeutic Applications
CONSULT WITH A HEALTH PROFESSIONAL FIRST: HIGH DOSAGE
NOTE: People taking blood thinners or who have an overactive thyroid, hypertension,
rheumatic heart disease, or diabetes, should start with a low dosage (100-200 IU) and be
monitored by their physician. Most research has been done using
alpha-tocopherol. There is now growing interest in other members of the
vitamin E family, especially gamma-tocopherol. Gamma-Tocopherol has
different antioxidant properties than alpha-tocopherol, plus evidence is
accumulating that it is helpful in preventing and/or treating cancer (colon
& prostate), protecting against heart disease, and having anti-inflammatory
effects. Tocotrienols also belong to the vitamin E family, and they may help
to lower serum cholesterol, as well as having anticancer properties. Supplementation may prevent, correct
deficiencies caused by, or be helpful with, the following conditions:
- Acne
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS, HIV)
- Aging
- Alcoholism
- Allergies (allergic rhinitis, hay fever)
- Angina Pectoris
- Anxiety
- Asthma
- Atherosclerosis (heart disease)
- Cancer
- Capillary Fragility (bruising)
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cataracts
- Celiac Disease
- Cerebrovascular Disease (including stroke)
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
- Crohn's Disease
- Diabetes
- Eating Disorders (anorexia, bulimia)
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease
- Fibromyalgia
- Gallstones (cholelithiasis)
- Hepatitis
- Herpes Simplex (cold sores)
- Herpes Zoster (shingles)
- Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol)
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Immunodepression (immune function)
- Impotence
- Infection (colds, flu, etc.)
- Infertility (female)
- Infertility (male)
- Inflammation (including bursitis)
- Intermittent Claudication (poor circulation)
- Lupus (SLE)
- Macular Degeneration
- Memory Loss (Alzheimer's disease, dementia)
- Menopause
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Osteoarthritis
- Parkinson's Disease
- Peptic Ulcers
- Periodontal Disease
- Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Prostate Problems (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- Psoriasis
- Raynaud's Disease
- Retinopathy
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Scleroderma
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Varicose Veins
- Wound Healing
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